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BUS 232

Find the probability under the curve.

Move a boundary and watch the area change. Learn normal curves, z-scores and cut-offs, then connect counts, equally likely values and waiting times.

Continuous values · Step 1 of 15

Measure a range, not a single point

Call length in minutes
0510152000.050.10.15xdensity
Mean = 12Boundary 1 = 12Boundary 2 = 14
Shaded probability = 0.2475. Probabilities include the full tails beyond the visible curve.
Time, distance and weight can take any value in an interval. They are continuous; a count of customers is discrete. A density curve describes where measurements tend to fall. Its total area is 1. The area over a range is that range's probability.
Try it: Shrink the interval width to zero. A single point has no area, even where the curve is tall.
Interval width (minutes)2.00
Total area
1.0000
Interval
0.2475
P(X = 12)
0.0000
P(12 ≤ X ≤ 14.00) = F(14.00) − F(12). Here F means area to the left.
In Excel: =NORM.DIST(14, 12, 3, TRUE)-NORM.DIST(12, 12, 3, TRUE)
Check yourself
Does including an endpoint change a continuous probability?

Exam coming up and normal probabilities still feel confusing?

Bring your problem sets. We work through them together until every type feels routine.

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